CD86 Immune Checkpoint Molecule for Drug Development

We understand that tumors often evade immune detection and clearance through the immune checkpoint pathway. Therefore, we offer our expertise in CD86 background introduction to assist you in your quest for a better understanding of immune checkpoint mechanisms and to provide technical support for your research endeavors.

CD86 Structure and Expression:

CD86 is a 70kDa immunoglobulin-like protein encoded by the CD86 gene, consisting of 329 amino acids. In physiological conditions, CD86 is widely expressed in dendritic cells, monocytes, memory T lymphocytes, germinal center B lymphocytes, activated B lymphocytes, and activated T lymphocytes. CD86 has also been detected on the surface of myeloma cells or infiltrating tumor lymphocytes.

A schematic diagram of the CAR-T tumor intervention. (Qiu, 2021) Fig.1. CAR-T tumor intervention.^1,3

Function and Mechanism of CD86

As an immunoglobulin-like protein, CD86 functions as a natural ligand for CD28 and CTLA-4, working in parallel with CD80. The interaction of CD86 exhibits distinct characteristics:

When interacting with CD28, CD86 acts as a co-stimulatory factor, promoting the proliferation, function, and survival of T cells.
In activated T cells, CD86 acts as a co-inhibitory factor in conjunction with CTLA-4.
Compared to CD28, CD86 shows a higher binding affinity to CTLA-4.
In the presence of CD86, CTLA-4 dissociates in a pH-dependent manner and cycles back to the cell surface, allowing further endocytosis.

Key Immune Checkpoint Pathway: CTLA-4 & CD80 (CD86)

The CTLA-4 & CD80 (CD86) immune checkpoint pathway exerts different impacts on two major subsets of T cells:

Helper T Cell Enhancement: Blocking CTLA-4 leads to a widespread enhancement of immune responses dependent on helper T cells.
Regulatory T Cell Function: CTLA-4 participates in and enhances the suppressive function of regulatory T cells.

Research on CD86 as an Anti-cancer Intervention

Current research on CD86-related immune checkpoints as anti-tumor interventions primarily focuses on utilizing the CTLA4-CD80/CD86 pathway as a negative feedback mechanism to regulate immune responses to inflammatory stimuli. Promising approaches being developed include:

CTLA-4-CD28-CAR-T cells to effectively target and eliminate CD80/CD86-positive cancer cells.
pH-dependent CTLA-4 antibodies aim to achieve specific activation in the tumor microenvironment.
Combining anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitors has shown effectiveness in cancer treatment.
Development of compounds targeting the interaction of CTLA-4 with CD86 to alleviate immune suppression.

Current Research

Title: Integrated Analysis Reveals Prognostic Value and Immune Correlates of CD86 Expression in Lower Grade Glioma (LGG)

Research Objective:

Research aims to explore the correlation between CD86 and immune responses in low-grade neuroendocrine tumors and investigate its potential as a novel immunotherapy target.

Research Methods:

Conducted a comprehensive analysis of CD86 expression in various cancers through cancer gene profiling and further validated it using qRT-PCR, WB, and immunohistochemistry on collected neuroendocrine tumor samples.

Research Findings:

Through integrated analysis and subsequent validation, researchers have demonstrated that CD86 plays an adverse role in the progression and prognosis of LGG. They established the correlation between CD86 expression and tumor immunity in LGG and performed gene set enrichment analysis to reveal potential pathways.

A schematic diagram of the CD86-related tumor immunity analysis. (Lin, 2021) Fig.2. CD86-related tumor immunity analysis.^2,3

Unleashing Our Solutions

At Creative Biolabs, we are committed to providing top-notch theoretical support, technical assistance and one-stop solutions for your research on immune checkpoint-related topics. We are dedicated to helping you advance your understanding of immune checkpoint mechanisms and explore the potential as an immunotherapy target. With our expertise and cutting-edge technologies, we aim to be your trusted partner in achieving groundbreaking discoveries and advancements in the field of cancer immunotherapy.

References

Qiu, Huaide, et al. "Integrated analysis reveals prognostic value and immune correlates of CD86 expression in lower grade glioma." Frontiers in oncology 11 (2021): 654350.
Lin, Shouheng, et al. "Chimeric CTLA4-CD28-CD3Z T cells potentiate antitumor activity against CD80/CD86–positive B cell malignancies." Frontiers in Immunology 12 (2021): 642528.
Under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification.

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