4-1BBL Immune Checkpoint Molecule for Drug Development

Creative Biolabs is dedicated to providing comprehensive support for your immune checkpoint research by delivering reliable theoretical knowledge on 4-1BBL.

Structure and Background of 4-1BBL

The 4-1BB molecule comprises a type I transmembrane receptor with four extracellular domains, a cytoplasmic domain, and a transmembrane helical structure. 4-1BBL is currently the only known 4-1BB cell-to-cell ligand, consisting of a short N-terminal cytoplasmic region, a transmembrane structural domain, and an extracellular TNF THD, which is typically presented in a soluble form.

Fig 1. 4-1BB is an important tumor intervention target.¹

Mechanism of Action of 4-1BBL

As the binding partner of 4-1BB, effective interaction between 4-1BBL and 4-1BB leads to rapid receptor activation upon antigen stimulation. After binding, the resulting signaling pathway produces a co-stimulatory signal, which further enhances the proliferation of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, cytokine production, and cell survival rate.

Fig 2. Mechanism of 4-1BB/4-1BBL.

Immunological Function and Tumor Impact of 4-1BBL

Due to its broad expression profile, the 4-1BB signaling pathway plays a crucial role in immune regulation in the human body. Both IL15 and IL-2 can promote the expression of 4-1BB on NK cells, leading to IFN-g production, T cell proliferation, and memory T cell generation. The immunological functions of the 4-1BB/4-1BBL interaction include:

• Augmenting the immune response against pathogen infections
• Demonstrating anti-tumor effects
• Participating in the alleviation of various autoimmune diseases

Anti-tumor Effects of 4-1BB/4-1BBL

The anti-tumor effects of 4-1BB mAbs primarily rely on their influence on several immune cells present within the tumor microenvironment

• Activation and proliferation of CD8⁺ T cells are promoted by 4-1BB mAbs, enhancing their ability to induce tumor cell lysis.
• Interaction with CD4⁺ T cells stimulates the release of cytokines that activate and mature CD8⁺ T cells.
• The ADCC effect of NK cells is strengthened, promoting NK cell activation, proliferation, and production of γ-interferon (IFN-γ), thereby regulating CD8⁺ T cell activity.
• Depletion of DCs in vivo reduces CTL stimulation levels, weakening the effect of 4-1BB mAbs.

In summary, 4-1BBL activates diverse immune cells through the 4-1BB signal, regulating T cell activity, inducing cytokine production, preventing activation-induced cell death (AICD), and enhancing CTL activity.

Our Services

Creative Biolabs excels in providing superior service for immune checkpoint research. With a team of expert scientists, cutting-edge technology, and a commitment to customization, quality assurance, and timely delivery, we ensure exceptional support tailored to your unique needs. Our emphasis on confidentiality and outstanding customer support further distinguishes us as a premier service provider.

By choosing Creative Biolabs, you gain access to a dedicated partner that prioritizes scientific advancement and delivers reliable solutions to drive your research forward.

• Custom Immune Checkpoint Protein Development
• Antibody Development for Immune Checkpoints
• Immune Checkpoint Targeted Peptide Development
• Immune Checkpoint Targeted Small Molecule Drug Development
• Immune Checkpoint Assays
• Preclinical Research for Immune Checkpoint Targeting Drugs

Reference

1. Kim, et al. "4-1BB: A promising target for cancer immunotherapy." Frontiers in Oncology. 14 (2022): 968360.

All listed customized services & products are for research use only, not intended for pharmaceutical, diagnostic, therapeutic, or any in vivo human use.