Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a new class of anticancer drugs. Because they can block the effect of inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors, ICIs introduce a new era of cancer immunotherapy. Many companies are developing new ICIs and immunomodulators for cancer treatment. However, the T cell-activating capacity of drug candidates in vitro assays has limitations and needs improvement. Creative Biolabs provides a comprehensive range of customized, high-quality immune checkpoint functional assays services such as immune checkpoint mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay services to support biomedical sciences research communities worldwide.
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), also known as cluster of differentiation 274 (CD274) or B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD274 gene. PD-L1 binds to its receptor, programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), found on activated T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells to modulate activation or inhibition. PD-L1 also has an appreciable affinity for the costimulatory molecule CD80 (B7-1) but not CD86 (B7-2). A study showed that PD-1, up-regulated on activated CD4 T-cells, can bind to PD-L1 expressed on monocytes and induced IL-10 production by the latter. The PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been considered as a predictive biomarker for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies.
Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR) is an in vitro assay. Two different T-lymphocytes are co-cultured, resulting in cell activation, DNA synthesis, and proliferation. With abundant experience and advanced platforms, Creative Biolabs has developed some MLR methods based on one-way MLR or two-way MLR. We could offer different antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as monocytes, immature and mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), and plasmacytoid DCs.
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